EMBEDDED BASED AN INTEGRATED RAILWAY TRACK PROTECTING SYSTEM

project center in Tirunelveli 

The Indian Railway is the fourth largest network in the world carrying 18 million people to their destinations each day. More than 16,000 trains run on Railway tracks each day. This large network should work properly for an enriched development in transportation. By neglecting the human errors, the main reason for the train accidents is derailment. The derailment may be happened due to unwanted and unexpected track failure, anonymous track deviation due to weather conditions, crack on the overhead railway bridges and last but not least the flood disaster that dips rail tracks. This project proposing a novel idea for the detection of the aforementioned faults on the track and can intimate the upcoming train on the track to stop and avoid the human loss. This project is addressing the embedded based detection and alerting mechanism for this kind of track failures. This state-of-the-art of the system here is an earlier detection of faults on the track and so the loco pilot can get a security alert to force stop the train before the spot.

EMBEDDED BASED INDUSTRIAL ENERGY SAVING AND SAFETY WITH GSM TECHNOLOGIES

project center in Tirunelveli 

                       Energy is a key factor in the development of any country. The energy needs are increasing day by day. Both for economical and environment reasons, efficient use of the need of hour. In this project we developed the system, which will control the utilization of electrical energy in the economical way, especially in the case of industries.

                   The main heart of the circuit is digital system, interfacing with different sensing unit. In our project the energy saving is achieved in the following ways, Intensity control light, Weather control fan, interrupt, code lock, earth fault, and vibration, fire, and mobile communication.                  

                  In our project the system will avoid the energy wastage. This project will be increase energy saving for all houses as well as industries. In this   system any future modification can be easily implemented.

LAST-METER SMART GRID EMBEDDED IN AN INTERNET-OF-THINGS PLATFORM

project center in Tirunelveli 

The customer domain of the smart grid naturally blends with smart home and smart building systems, but typical proposed approaches are “distributor-centric” rather than “customer-centric,” undermining user acceptance, and are often poorly scalable. To solve this problem, we propose a detailed architecture and an implementation of a “last-meter” smart grid—the portion of the smart grid on customer premises—embedded in an internet-of-things (IoT) platform. Our approach has four aspects of novelty and advantages with respect to the state of the art: 1) seamless integration of smart grid with smart home applications in the same infrastructure; 2) data gathering from heterogeneous sensor communication protocols; 3) secure and customized data access; and 4) univocal sensor and actuator mapping to a common abstraction layer on which additional concurrent applications can be built. A demonstrator has been built and tested with purposely-developed ZigBee smart meters and gateways, a distributed IoT server, and a flexible user interface.

REMOTE WIDE –AREA OSCILLATION MONITORING AND LOAD SHEDDING USING LOAD RESTOTAION METHOD

project center in Tirunelveli 

This project proposes a load oscillation monitoring technique “load restoration method” based on wireless WAMs. An electrical power system network is very sensitive to load changes and it may result into complicate power delivery to connected loads. The available two solutions for this abrupt load changes are load restoration or rescheduling and load shedding. This project proposes a novel technique called Load restoration Method for power system oscillation monitoring based on Wide Area Monitoring (WAM). It is considered to monitor the load oscillations among the main grid and the connected substations with the help of WAMs. This wireless communication system is effectively monitoring the load levels of each substation and transferring the collected data into the substation level control rooms. The load restoration is done depending upon the available energy on the grid side and load shedding may also applicable if the load limitations exceeds. The great advantages of the proposed work is that the work is focusing the large amount of area without any physical medium for communicate and hence the HV side load monitoring & load restoration is possible.

ELECTRICITY BOARD TARIFF ANNOUNCEMENT WITH LOAD SHEDDING

project center in Tirunelveli 

Today’s government offers vast attention on the Electrical energy conservation because of the lack of electricity generation. The energy conservation is a vital role of every public, then only the electricity demand can be satisfied without fail. This project portrays an idea of talking energy meter for creating the aware about energy conservation among the public. The voice announcement is the superiority in this energy meter and this is possible by designing voice bank inside it. The smart meter can implement three priceless activities. First and foremost, this talking meter is continuously measuring the energy consumed by the consumer and for every 10 units of energy consumption, the meter is announcing the total energy utilized and the amount to be paid to E.B. This elucidates about the aware that created among the public. After the getting aware of electricity price, the consumer automatically conserve the electricity, this is nature. Secondly, the system can activate the indicator on its panel after crossing the 100 unit usage of electricity. This indicator will intimate the new tariff price to be paid. The final task can establish the paramount importance of the proposed talking energy meter. After the certain unit of electricity usage, this meter can automatically trip off the heavy load with the help of relay networks. This advanced metering system is fully based on embedded controller. Still now the there is no system is implemented in field which announcing electricity bill and This proposed project will create an awareness among the public who ever/never interested in energy conservation.

ATM SECURITY SYSTEM WITH GSM BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM

project center in Tirunelveli 

ATM – “Automatic Teller Machine” is an electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. As the usage of these ATM gets increased, the ATM robberies are also get increased day by day. ATM robbers are now hijacking the ATM machine by assaulting the security guard and also banning the surveillance camera.

This project introduces an automatic embedded based security system for these Automatic Teller machines. This project can giving instant alert to the nearby police station whenever a robber approaching the ATM wrongly. In order to make a way for an authorized entry, the RF-ID based entry security will serve a primary security system for the ATM. The surveillance camera may be hijacked by the illegal entry person. So the embedded system continuously monitoring the camera input if it is not receiving proper vision it will alert the authorized security system nearby. The vibration sensor and temperature sensors in our system providing the final and powerful security system. If the robber may use welding machineries or any cutting tools to open the ATM locker. During this critical situation, the ATM may undergo for vibration as well as sudden temperature raise. The embedded system easily identifies these changes around the ATM and activating the alert system. Normally, the alert system may be an alert call to the nearby police station with the help of GSM module. There is no security system for ATM is implemented in the record. This project genesis a real time application that will plays a vital role in securing the ATMs.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A REAL TIME INTELLIGENT BIN STATUS MONITORING SYSTEM

project center in Tirunelveli 

Due to the rising trend of urbanization along with overconsumption of non-recyclable resources, the volume of municipal solid waste is increasing every day. An efficient, cost effective and environment friendly solution for real time bin status monitoring, collection and transportation of municipal solid waste is still a major challenge to the local municipal authorities. This project proposes a novel system and intelligent sensing algorithm for real time solid waste bin monitoring system that would contribute to the solid waste collection optimization. The monitoring application is based on decision algorithms for sensing solid waste data in a wireless sensor network. The system is built on a three level architecture like smart bin, gateway and control station. The elementary concept is that, smart bins collect their status when any changes occur and transmit the status data to a server via an intermediate coordinator. A set of applications in server presents the updated bin status on real time. The field test performances shows that the system can efficiently monitor real time bin status that makes it feasible to decide, which bin should collect and which should not. Thus the proposed system has achieved its goal to provide real time bin status information to the solid waste management operator. Later, these information can be used for collection route optimization to reduce collection costs and carbon emissions which in turn contribute to build green society.

EMBEDDED BASED INDUSTRIAL BOILER PROTECTION AND MONITORING

project center in Tirunelveli 

An industry is fully monitored with the help of global monitoring and control system called SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition). The main drawbacks of this global control can be explained in twofold. First one is the global monitoring is not secured in terms of safety drive. Secondly this global control may lagged by losing control in two or three boilers units due to communication barrier. So in order to quick protect the boilers from the water level, pressure and temperature raise, the local control and monitoring unit is essential. This project is addressing an embedded based local monitoring pipeline for the boiler units. The proposed system is having the embedded unit which continuously monitoring the temperature, water level and pressure and current settings in a pipelined architecture. Because of this local pipeline architecture it is possible to manifest the protection against the individual boiler units. This pipeline architecture consist of temperature sensor, pressure sensor and water level sensor that are interfaced with the embedded controller. The controller is vital in this architecture which is comparing the actual values with the critical values and activating the buzzer alarm if there is any violation found. The global control unit may failed to transmit the signals from/to the control rooms. But this local control pipeline architecture is able to alert the technicians while the crucial parameters cross the critical values. This project is valuable for the industries as well as power plant to monitor the individual boilers carefully and by this way the unexpected accidents can be avoided due to communication lag.

VEHICLE AIR POLLUTION MONITORING WITH TRAFFIC MONITORING

project center in Tirunelveli 

Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, and many harmful substances into Earth's atmosphere, causing diseases, allergies, and death to humans, damage to other living organisms such as animals and food crops, or the natural or built environment. The principal air-quality pollutant emissions from petrol, diesel, and alternative-fuel engines are carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, un-burnt hydrocarbons and particulate matter. This project genesis an innovative idea for vehicle air pollution monitoring by using CO-sensor. The proposed project is designed with the CO-sensor which is capable of monitoring carbon monoxide level in atmosphere. If the sensor predicts the maximum CO level around the environment, the traffic signal for that particular lane as well as path is set as red. This blocking red signal is playing vital role in this proposed idea, because the higher air pollutant vehicle always create unclear vision for the successive vehicle drivers which may cause some unwanted collisions. It is possible by accessing the traffic signal by using a microcontroller based intelligent system. This project will act as a state-of-art for pollution monitoring as well as traffic management with an embedded based control system.

REMOTE MONITORING AND CONTROLLING OF SUBSTATION USING OFC COMMUNICATION

project center in Tirunelveli 

Optical Fiber Technology has become major information – transmission system, with high-capacity optical fiber links encoring the globe in both terrestrial and undersea installations. OFC comes the necessity to industrial telemetry system.               

In this project, we present the principles of a low operational-cost but flexible OFC based electric substation automation system.  The main core of the system is an embedded hardware device. The embedded device communicates through subsystem which makes it accessible from anywhere in the world through OFC system built into the device. In addition, communication provides a bidirectional real-time data transfer allowing interaction. A novel approach is introduced to minimize the operational costs while operating with a large amount of data. The system is implemented electric substation automation for by attaching several real-time modules through appropriate interfaces.

                    Our project aims at automatic generation control on electric substation using OFC communication. The purpose of OFC is to provide a facility to observe and control the power system from anywhere in the subsystem. It is used to monitor and control electric substation equipment. The information’s from various locations are gathered by process terminal units.  All such information can be directed to one operator console (Master terminal) for relevant action. Thereby continuous monitoring of the system ensures smooth operation by taking appropriate steps to prevent the occurrence of any fault.  

AN ADVANCED TRAIN WRECK (CRASH) AVOIDANCE SYSTEM BASED ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

project center in Tirunelveli 

A train wreck or train crash is a type of disaster involving one or more trains. Train wrecks often occur as a result of miscommunication, as when a moving train meets another train on the same track. This kind of collisions is the major reason for huge amount of human mortality. In this embedded world, an advanced & intelligent system is in the need to defend the human life from these disaster like train wreck. This project is proposed to provide a solution for the train wreck avoidance. The main function of this work is to identify and alerting the trains which are approaching on a same track. It is possible to identify the arrival of train with the help of MEMS sensors.  The MEMS signal can be utilized for the alerting system fixed on the train unit and the whole network is functionate under the knowledge of station unit. This project consists of three working module namely: Train unit, Track unit and Station unit. The track unit consists of MEMS sensor unit on different zone arrangements. The sensor signal can be transmitted to the station unit through zigbee protocol. Once the station unit receives the two zone sensor signals on a same track, it can automatically alter the signal as red and also it can communicate with the two trains through RF communication. The receiver at two trains is receiving the alert signal coming from the station unit and both can be immediately stopped by understanding the risk of train wreck. Thus the system is very cost effective and also it can perform precise operation for saving human life.

EMBEDDED BASED AUTOMATIC AUDITORIUM CONTROLLER

project center in Tirunelveli 

            The main aim of this project is to design and employ of power saving in general public places like auditoriums, shopping malls and theatres etc. Generally an Auditorium consists of so many number of electrical and electronic devices or equipments. To control and monitor all these equipments or appliances we need a person or controlling system. In this project we are presenting the working of smart power controlling and saving in auditoriums, shopping malls, theatres etc., by using an electronic circuit in an easy way without having human being. This project describes the complete working of electrical and electronic devices with automatic control and also power saving in theatres, shopping malls and auditoriums. To implement this we have used MCS 51 family microcontroller, IR sensors/LDR (Light Dependent Resister), 16X2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). Microcontroller is used to control the total operation. The MCS 51 family microcontrollers are famous for these types of projects.

SIMULATION OF EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMI THROUGH GSM NETWORK

project center in Tirunelveli 

Every year thousands of people die because of earthquake occurs in a dangerous place or during a defenseless sleep. Here's a GSM-based seismic alert system that could warn before an earthquake strikes. Earthquakes strike without warning. The resulting damage can be minimized and lives can be saved if people living in the earthquake-prone area are already prepared to survive the strike. This requires a warning before strong ground motion from the earthquake arrival. Such a warning system is possible because of energy wave released at the epicenter of the earth quake travels slower than light. The warning signal from the earthquake epicenter can be transmitted to different places using satellite communication network, fiber-optics network, pager service, Cell phone services or a combination of these. The satellite-based network is ideal when an alert system has to cover a large country like India. For earthquake-prone states like Gujarat, a seismic alert system using the global system for mobile communication network spread throughout the state is proposed here. This system does not try to find the epicenter or fault line caused by the earthquake. It simply monitors the earth vibrations and generates alert signal when the level of earth vibrations crosses a threshold.

A LOW-COST SENSOR NETWORK FOR REAL-TIME MONITORING AND CONTAMINATION DETECTION IN DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

project center in Tirunelveli 

This paper presents a low cost and holistic approach to the water quality monitoring problem for drinking water distribution systems as well as for consumer sites. Our approach is based on the development of low cost sensor nodes for real time and in-pipe monitoring and assessment of water quality on the fly. Extensive literature and market research are performed to identify low cost sensors that can reliably monitor several parameters, which can be used to infer the water quality.  This work addressing the sensor based water flow control as well as quality detection scheme. The PH sensor in this work is effectively monitoring the water contamination level and participating the water quality management system. On the other hand the flow sensor is responsible for the control of water flow in the pipeline. Because the reduction in water flow mimic the malpractice occurred in that pipeline. The collected detail form the sensor nodes are transmitted to the registered phone number with the help of GSM communication. This proposed work is having the notable advantages as, easily portable and water contamination testing at the distribution side

VOLTAGE-DOUBLE MAGNETICALLY COUPLED IMPEDANCE SOURCE NETWORKS

project center in trichy

 A family of voltage-double magnetically coupled impedance source networks (VBMCISNs) is presented. The scheme of the proposed family is that adding the auxiliary capacitors and diodes to the magnetically coupled transformers to realize the voltage-double function. The proposed impedance networks can produce the higher voltage gain, reduce the voltage stresses across the passive components, have a common ground, realize the continuous input current and suppress the start-up inrush current. Finally, one of the resulting topologies is verified in the condition of DC-DC converter and DC-AC converter, theoretical analysis and experimental results are offered to verify the topology’s validity.

A HYBRID BI-DIRECTIONAL WIRELESS EV CHARGING SYSTEM TOLERANT TO PAD MISALIGNMENT

project center in trichy

              Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular as a means of future transport for sustainable living. However, wireless charging of EVs poses a number of challenges related to interoperability, safety, pad misalignment etc. In particular, pad-misalignments invariably cause changes in system parameters which in turn lead to increase in losses as well as reduction in power throughput, making the charging process long and inefficient. Consequently, wireless charging systems that are less sensitive to pad-misalignments have become preferable. This paper, therefore, presents a hybrid Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system that charges EVs at constant rate despite large misalignments between charging pads. The proposed charging system uses a combination of two different resonant networks to realize a constant and efficient charging process. A mathematical model is also developed, showing as to how the two resonant networks can be combined to compensate for pad-misalignments. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed concept as well as the accuracy of the mathematical model, theoretical performance is compared with both simulations and experimental results of a prototype 3.3 kW hybrid bidirectional WPT system. Results clearly indicate that the proposed hybrid WPT system is efficient and offers a constant charging profile over a wide range of spatial (3D) pad-misalignments.

POWER ROUTING FOR CASCADED H-BRIDGE CONVERTERS

project center in trichy

Modular power converters are expected to play a major role in medium and high voltage/power applications. Normally, each module processes the same amount of power, however this does not take into consideration that different modules can have a different remaining useful lifetime. This paper proposes the concept of power routing for cascaded H-bridge (CHB) converters, with the purpose of delaying the failure of the system. A third-harmonic injection into the duty cycles allows extending the imbalance capability of the structure, keeping the CHB operational even if some power paths are completely unloaded. Analytic investigation in conjunction with simulation and experimental measurements demonstrate the power routing by means of the proposed method.

TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION FOR LOSS MINIMIZATION IN INDUCTION MOTOR FED ELEVATOR SYSTEMS

project center in trichy

 This paper presents a novel loss minimization technique for Induction Motor Driven Elevator Systems (IMDES) to determine an energy optimum velocity pattern. The objective function consists of a differential equation relating total power losses in the induction motor to its rotor speed. The constraints are provided in terms of velocity and acceleration governed by passenger comfort. Since, the velocity and acceleration are state variables, Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle is used to determine the most optimum trajectory by forming an appropriate Hamiltonian function. Boundary conditions are specified and used to obtain the coefficients of the rotor speed equation. As the velocity is optimized, the total travel time is not fixed and treated as a variable. A fixed-point iterative procedure is used to estimate the travel time. Additional loss minimization is incorporated by optimizing the machine flux for the constrained portion of the velocity pattern. An algorithm for implementing the optimization scheme is explained in detail. The theoretical claims are supported with analytical and experimental results. Proposed technique is developed for IMDES, but it can be easily adapted to other drive applications as well.

NEW SWITCHING STRATEGY FOR SINGLE MODE OPERATION OF A SINGLE-STAGE BUCK-BOOST INVERTER

project center in trichy

Generally, single-stage buck-boost inverters consist of distinct circuits operating individually in buck/boost or positive/ negative modes, the latter definitely leading to crossover distortion in the output current. This paper proposes a switching strategy that changes the bi-modal operation of a single stage buck-boost topology to a single mode inverter (SMI). This is due to the consequent voltage gain which ensures that the output voltage polarity, apart from its magnitude, is an exclusive function of the duty ratio. Operational principle and salient hardware design are explained with the help of equivalent circuits. Details about the dynamic model are presented, based on which controller design is carried out for both stand-alone and grid-connected operation. Experimental results obtained from a 300 W, 110 V laboratory prototype are presented to validate the performance of the proposed switching strategy.

MULTI-INPUT SWITCHED-CAPACITOR MULTILEVEL INVERTER FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY AC POWER DISTRIBUTION

project center in trichy

This paper proposes a switched-capacitor multilevel inverter for high frequency AC power distribution systems. The proposed topology produces a staircase waveform with higher number of output levels employing fewer components compared to several existing switched capacitor multilevel inverters in the literature. This topology is beneficial where asymmetric DC voltage sources are available e.g. incase of renewable energy farms based AC microgrids and modern electric vehicles. Utilizing the available DC sources as inputs for a single inverter solves the major problem of connecting several inverters in parallel. Additionally, the need to stack voltage sources, like batteries or super-capacitors, in series which demand charge equalization algorithms, are eliminated as the voltage sources employed share a common ground. The inverter inherently solves the problem of capacitor voltage balancing as each capacitor is charged to the value equal to one of input voltage every cycle. State analysis, losses and the selection of capacitance are examined. Simulation and experimental results at different distribution frequencies, power levels and output harmonic content are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed multilevel inverter topology.

ENHANCING THE RELIABILITY OF MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS USING NEUTRAL SHIFT

project center in trichy

This letter presents an approach for Modular Multilevel Converters that enables a stable operation with failed non redundant modules. This is achieved by using a neutral shift with a dedicated power feed-forward control. The feasibility of the approach is verified by simulation.

AN ELECTRICAL MODEL OF A DIELECTRIC ELASTOMER GENERATOR

project center in trichy

            A hybrid battery power module composed of lead acid and LiFePO4 batteries for BLDC motor drive is proposed in this study. The lead acid batteries are used as the basic power source and directly connected to the motor drive without any power conversion losses. In addition, to enhance the instant power supply capability to the motor drive, the LiFePO4 batteries are integrated into the proposed hybrid battery power module. A two-phase interleaved dc converter is adopted to control the power flow among the LiFePO4 batteries, lead acid batteries and the motor drive. The common power requirement from the motor drive is designed to be totally provided by the lead acid batteries. Once the power demand became higher than the common level, the additional part would be instantly provided by the LiFePO4 batteries through the interleaved dc converter. The life of the lead acid batteries can therefore be enhanced by the high charging/discharging capability of the integrated LiFePO4 batteries. A prototype with 500W rated power is constructed. Corresponding experiments are carried out to verify the validity and performance of the proposed hybrid battery power module.

A SINGLE-PHASE SINGLE-STAGE SWITCHED-BOOST INVERTER WITH FOUR SWITCHES

project center in trichy

       This paper proposes a new single-phase single-stage switched-boost inverter with four switches. Like the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) and quasi-switched

boost inverter (qSBI), the proposed inverter has the main features as continuous input current, buck/boost voltage with single-stage conversion and shoot-through immunity. Compared to the qSBI, the proposed inverter uses one more capacitor and one less switch. This paper presents the operating principles, PWM control strategy, parameter design guidelines, and simulation results for the proposed inverter. To verify the performance of the proposed inverter, an 800 W prototype was built with an 110 V/50 Hz output voltage in stand-alone and grid-connected modes. The simulation and experimental results matched those of the theoretical analysis.

A DUAL MODULAR MULTILEVEL CONVERTER WITH HIGH-FREQUENCY MAGNETIC LINKS BETWEEN SUB-MODULES FOR MV OPEN-END STATOR WINDING MACHINE DRIVES

project center in trichy

             This paper presents a dual Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) topology that utilizes energy exchange between adjacent arm Sub-Modules (SM), operating with out-of-phase modulation. The proposed configuration is applicable to medium-voltage, high-power variable-speed drives incorporating open-end stator winding machines. A novel concept of power redistribution between adjacent SMs in the dual MMC topology is realized through high-frequency transformer-based dc-dc converter modules. This concept offers a significant reduction in the sizing requirement of the SM capacitance and the stored energy in the MMC system, while avoiding the problem of wide voltage fluctuations of SM capacitors, especially at low operating frequencies. The proposed configuration can produce dc voltage; therefore, a machine speed-range from zero speed to the rated speed is possible under the rated torque operating condition. The operating principles of the proposed dual MMC configuration are elaborated and necessary mathematical analysis is derived. Simulation and experimental results verify the concept of the proposed drive configuration.

REGENERATIVE HYBRID BATTERY POWER MODULE FOR BLDC MOTOR DRIVE

project center in trichy

A hybrid battery power module composed of lead acid and LiFePO4 batteries for BLDC motor drive is proposed in this study. The lead acid batteries are used as the basic power source and directly connected to the motor drive without any power conversion losses. In addition, to enhance the instant power supply capability to the motor drive, the LiFePO4 batteries are integrated into the proposed hybrid battery power module. A two-phase interleaved dc converter is adopted to control the power flow among the LiFePO4 batteries, lead acid batteries and the motor drive. The common power requirement from the motor drive is designed to be totally provided by the lead acid batteries. Once the power demand became higher than the common level, the additional part would be instantly provided by the LiFePO4 batteries through the interleaved dc converter. The life of the lead acid batteries can therefore be enhanced by the high charging/discharging capability of the integrated LiFePO4 batteries. A prototype with 500W rated power is constructed. Corresponding experiments are carried out to verify the validity and performance of the proposed hybrid battery power module.